double rate; // leak rate in calls/s
double burst; // bucket size in calls
long refreshTime; // time for last water refresh
double water; // water count at refreshTime
refreshWater() {
long now = getTimeOfDay();
//水随着时间流逝,不断流走,最多就流干到0.
water = max(0, water- (now - refreshTime)*rate);
refreshTime = now;
}
bool permissionGranted() {
refreshWater();
if (water < burst) { // 水桶还没满,继续加1
water ++;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
public double acquire();
public double acquire(int permits);
尝试获取令牌,分为待超时时间和不带超时时间两种:
123456
public boolean tryAcquire();
//尝试获取一个令牌,立即返回
public boolean tryAcquire(int permits);
public boolean tryAcquire(long timeout, TimeUnit unit);
//尝试获取permits个令牌,带超时时间
public boolean tryAcquire(int permits, long timeout, TimeUnit unit);
过去一段时间的利用不足意味着有过剩的资源是可以利用的.这种情况下,RateLimiter应该加把劲(speed up for a while)将这些过剩的资源利用起来.比如在向网络中发生数据的场景(限流),过去一段时间的利用不足可能意味着网卡缓冲区是空的,这种场景下,我们是可以加速发送来将这些过程的资源利用起来.
另一方面,过去一段时间的利用不足可能意味着处理请求的服务器对即将到来的请求是准备不足的(less ready for future requests),比如因为很长一段时间没有请求当前服务器的cache是陈旧的,进而导致即将到来的请求会触发一个昂贵的操作(比如重新刷新全量的缓存).
/**
* Translates a specified portion of our currently stored permits which we want to
* spend/acquire, into a throttling time. Conceptually, this evaluates the integral
* of the underlying function we use, for the range of
* [(storedPermits - permitsToTake), storedPermits].
*
* <p>This always holds: {@code 0 <= permitsToTake <= storedPermits}
*/
abstract long storedPermitsToWaitTime(double storedPermits, double permitsToTake);
/**
* This implements a "bursty" RateLimiter, where storedPermits are translated to
* zero throttling. The maximum number of permits that can be saved (when the RateLimiter is
* unused) is defined in terms of time, in this sense: if a RateLimiter is 2qps, and this
* time is specified as 10 seconds, we can save up to 2 * 10 = 20 permits.
*/
static final class SmoothBursty extends SmoothRateLimiter {
/** The work (permits) of how many seconds can be saved up if this RateLimiter is unused? */
final double maxBurstSeconds;
SmoothBursty(SleepingStopwatch stopwatch, double maxBurstSeconds) {
super(stopwatch);
this.maxBurstSeconds = maxBurstSeconds;
}
void doSetRate(double permitsPerSecond, double stableIntervalMicros) {
double oldMaxPermits = this.maxPermits;
maxPermits = maxBurstSeconds * permitsPerSecond;
System.out.println("maxPermits=" + maxPermits);
if (oldMaxPermits == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
// if we don't special-case this, we would get storedPermits == NaN, below
storedPermits = maxPermits;
} else {
storedPermits = (oldMaxPermits == 0.0)
? 0.0 // initial state
: storedPermits * maxPermits / oldMaxPermits;
}
}
long storedPermitsToWaitTime(double storedPermits, double permitsToTake) {
return 0L;
}
}
static final class SmoothWarmingUp extends SmoothRateLimiter {
private final long warmupPeriodMicros;
/**
* The slope of the line from the stable interval (when permits == 0), to the cold interval
* (when permits == maxPermits)
*/
private double slope;
private double halfPermits;
SmoothWarmingUp(SleepingStopwatch stopwatch, long warmupPeriod, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
super(stopwatch);
this.warmupPeriodMicros = timeUnit.toMicros(warmupPeriod);
}
@Override
void doSetRate(double permitsPerSecond, double stableIntervalMicros) {
double oldMaxPermits = maxPermits;
maxPermits = warmupPeriodMicros / stableIntervalMicros;
halfPermits = maxPermits / 2.0;
// Stable interval is x, cold is 3x, so on average it's 2x. Double the time -> halve the rate
double coldIntervalMicros = stableIntervalMicros * 3.0;
slope = (coldIntervalMicros - stableIntervalMicros) / halfPermits;
if (oldMaxPermits == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
// if we don't special-case this, we would get storedPermits == NaN, below
storedPermits = 0.0;
} else {
storedPermits = (oldMaxPermits == 0.0)
? maxPermits // initial state is cold
: storedPermits * maxPermits / oldMaxPermits;
}
}
@Override
long storedPermitsToWaitTime(double storedPermits, double permitsToTake) {
double availablePermitsAboveHalf = storedPermits - halfPermits;
long micros = 0;
// measuring the integral on the right part of the function (the climbing line)
if (availablePermitsAboveHalf > 0.0) {
double permitsAboveHalfToTake = min(availablePermitsAboveHalf, permitsToTake);
micros = (long) (permitsAboveHalfToTake * (permitsToTime(availablePermitsAboveHalf)
+ permitsToTime(availablePermitsAboveHalf - permitsAboveHalfToTake)) / 2.0);
permitsToTake -= permitsAboveHalfToTake;
}
// measuring the integral on the left part of the function (the horizontal line)
micros += (stableIntervalMicros * permitsToTake);
return micros;
}
private double permitsToTime(double permits) {
return stableIntervalMicros + permits * slope;
}
}
